pyrrhus
ピュロス
解説 Definition
古代ギリシャの将軍・王。エピロス王ピュロスを指すことが多い。歴史上の人物名（固有名詞）。
The name of an ancient Greek king of Epirus and military commander who fought Rome in the early third century BCE. He is especially remembered as the source of the expression “Pyrrhic victory,” meaning a victory achieved at ruinous cost.
覚え方のコツ Memory Tip
Pyrrhus は古代エペイロス王の人名で、通常は Pyrrhus と大文字で書く。Rome と戦って勝利しても損害が大きかった故事から Pyrrhic victory（割に合わない勝利）へ直結させる。ギリシャ語 pyr「火」と赤い色の名という背景も記憶の助けになる。
Link Pyrrhus with the fixed historical expression Pyrrhic victory. King Pyrrhus defeated Roman forces, but his losses were so damaging that the wins could not be sustained; therefore, a Pyrrhic victory is one that costs nearly as much as defeat. The Greek element pyr, “fire,” also helps recall the traditional sense of his name as fiery-colored or red-haired. Since Pyrrhus is a personal name, capitalize it and distinguish it from Pyrrhic, the adjective used in the modern expression.
例文
Pyrrhus was a great military strategist of ancient Greece.
ピルロスは古代ギリシャの優れた軍事戦略家であった。
The term 'Pyrrhic victory' originates from King Pyrrhus.
「ピュロスの勝利」という言葉はピルロス王に由来する。
Pyrrhus fought against Rome in ancient times.
ピルロスは古代にはローマと戦った。
pyrrhus の類義語・関連語
派生語
紛らわしい語
pyrrhus の語源・成り立ち Etymology
古代ギリシャ語 Πύρρος（Pyrrhos）に由来し「炎の色の・赤毛の」を意味する。語根 πῦρ（pyr「火」）から派生。エペイロス王の名で「ピュロスの勝利」（犠牲の大きい勝利）の故事で有名。関連語：pyre（火葬の薪）、pyrotechnics（花火術）。
Pyrrhus represents Latin Pyrrhus from Ancient Greek Pyrrhos. The Greek name is traditionally understood as “flame-colored” or “red-haired” and is related to pyr, “fire.” It became widely familiar through Pyrrhus, king of Epirus, whose costly victories over Rome gave rise to the adjective Pyrrhic. English words such as pyre and pyrotechnics contain related Greek material associated with fire, though they developed along separate paths.
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