rationalism
合理主義
解説 Definition
理性と論理に基づいて知識や真実を獲得することが可能だという信念です。経験や感情よりも理由や思考を優先する哲学的立場を指します。
Rationalism is the belief or approach that reason and logical thinking are the best guides to knowledge, decisions, or behavior. It is often discussed in philosophy, politics, and intellectual history. The word usually contrasts with approaches based mainly on emotion, tradition, or religious belief.
覚え方のコツ Memory Tip
まず形で覚えると定着しやすいです。rational が「理性的な・筋が通った」、-ism が「主義・考え方」なので、rationalism は「理性を中心に据える考え」。対比で empiricism は experience 側、rationalism は reason 側と置くと混同しにくいです。日常語の rational decision も手がかりで、「感情より根拠・論理で判断する」方向へ意味を広げると、合理主義の核がつかめます。
Break it into `rational` plus `-ism`. If `rational` is about reason and logic, `rationalism` is the belief or system that puts reason first. It is easier to remember when you contrast it with `empiricism`, which leans more on experience.
例文
Descartes was a key figure in the development of rationalism.
デカルトは合理主義の発展における重要な人物でした。
The philosophy of rationalism emphasizes logical reasoning over intuition.
合理主義の哲学は直感よりも論理的推論を強調します。
Scientific rationalism relies on evidence and experimentation.
科学的合理主義は証拠と実験に依存しています。
rationalism の類義語・関連語
rationalism の語源・成り立ち Etymology
rationalism は rational + -ism で、さらにラテン語 ratio「理性・計算・理由」にさかのぼります。ratio、reason、rational は同根なので、合理主義が単なる冷たさではなく、物事を数え、筋道立て、理由で組み立てようとする立場だと見えてきます。
Rationalism comes from rational plus -ism, and rational goes back to Latin ratio, meaning "reason," "reckoning," or "calculation." The word developed around the idea that thought and judgment should be guided by reason. In that way, rationalism came to mean a system or approach based on logical thinking. Related English words include ratio, reason, and rational.
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