rheumatism
リウマチ
解説 Definition
rheumatism は関節や筋肉などに痛みやこわばりを起こす症状や病気を広く指す語です。日本語の「リウマチ」は関節リウマチを指すことが多いですが、英語の rheumatism はより広い不調を指すことがあります。
A traditional broad term for painful or stiff conditions affecting the joints, muscles, or related tissues. It does not necessarily refer specifically to rheumatoid arthritis and is now less precise than the diagnostic names used for individual rheumatic diseases.
覚え方のコツ Memory Tip
日本語の「リウマチ」と結び付けつつ、英語では関節リウマチだけでなく、関節や筋肉の痛み・こわばりを広く指す旧来の総称になり得る点が重要です。rheumatic pain「リウマチ性の痛み」、rheumatism in the hands のような典型表現で、より限定的な rheumatoid arthritis と区別しましょう。
Japanese リウマチ provides an immediate sound connection, but remember that English rheumatism can be broader than Japanese everyday usage. It traditionally covers pain or stiffness in joints and muscles rather than naming only rheumatoid arthritis. Picture an older person describing rheumatism in the hands or knees, especially when cold weather makes the discomfort feel worse. Link it with rheumatic pain and rheumatic disease. In precise medical contexts, expect a more specific diagnosis, while rheumatism often appears as a general or older everyday label.
例文
My grandfather has rheumatism in his hands.
祖父は手にリウマチの症状があります。
Cold weather can make rheumatism feel worse.
寒い天気でリウマチの痛みが悪く感じられることがあります。
The doctor asked how long the rheumatism had affected her knees.
医師は、リウマチの症状がどのくらいの期間ひざに出ているのか尋ねました。
rheumatism の類義語・関連語
rheumatism の語源・成り立ち Etymology
rheumatism はギリシャ語 rheuma「流れ・体液の流出」に、状態を表す -ism が付いた語です。古代医学では痛みやこわばりは「体内を悪い液が流れて起こる」と考えられたため、この語がリウマチの名になりました。関連語は rheum, rheumatic。
Rheumatism entered English through Latin and French forms based on Greek rheumatismos. Its ultimate source is Greek rheuma, meaning “a flow or discharge,” with the condition-forming suffix -ism. Ancient and medieval medicine attributed such pain to bodily fluids flowing into affected areas. Although that medical theory was abandoned, the historical name remained as a broad term for painful disorders of the joints and muscles.
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