それぞれに
解説 Definition
それぞれの個人が別々に、または各々が独立して行うやり方。個別にまたは単独で実行する方式。集団的ではなく個々の対応。
Severally means separately or individually, rather than together as one group. It is most often used in formal, legal, or business language. It helps show that each person or thing is considered on its own.
覚え方のコツ Memory Tip
several を「いくつか」だけで覚えていると見落としやすい語。核は「ひとまとまりではなく、ばらばらの単位」。そこに副詞の -ly が付いて、「別々に・各自が独立して」という意味になる。separate を連想して、まとめてではなく切り分けて扱う感じを持つと定着しやすい。特に法律・契約では jointly and severally で「連帯して、かつ各自でも責任を負う」の形が頻出。集団で一括対応ではなく、一人ずつ個別に処理する場面を思い浮かべると覚えやすい。
Do not connect it only with `several = a few`; here the important idea is `separate units`. `Severally` means each one separately, not all together. It is often remembered through the legal phrase `jointly and severally`, where people act together but also as individuals.
例文
The defendants were held severally liable for the damages.
被告らは損害についてそれぞれ個別に責任を負うとされた。
Each partner is severally responsible for their share of the debt.
各パートナーは、債務のうち自分の負担分について個別に責任を負う。
The heirs were severally entitled to different shares of the estate.
相続人たちは、それぞれ遺産の異なる取り分を受け取る権利があった。
severally の類義語・関連語
severally の語源・成り立ち Etymology
several は中世ラテン語 separalis 系で、核は se-「離れて」の感覚です。副詞化の -ly が付いた severally は「一緒でなく個別に」となり、separate や sever と同じく「切り分ける」発想が「それぞれに」へつながります。
"Severally" comes from "several" plus the adverb ending "-ly." "Several" is linked to Medieval Latin forms related to separation, built on the idea of being apart. Because of that, "severally" developed the sense of "separately" or "one by one," like related words such as "separate" and "sever."
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