surrendering
降伏する
解説 Definition
surrendering は surrender(降伏する、明け渡す)の現在分詞・動名詞です。戦いや交渉で抵抗をやめることを表し、進行形や名詞的な用法で使われます。
The present participle or gerund of surrender, referring to the act of stopping resistance, admitting defeat, or giving control of something to another party. It can describe an action in progress or function as a noun.
覚え方のコツ Memory Tip
原形 surrender「降伏する・明け渡す」に -ing をそのまま加えた形で、発音も語末に /ɪŋ/ が加わります。進行形の be surrendering、動名詞の Surrendering was...、before surrendering の三型を、武器を置いて抵抗をやめる場面と結び付けて覚えましょう。
Connect surrendering directly with the base verb surrender. Because surrender does not end in silent e, simply add -ing; in pronunciation, /ɪŋ/ follows the final sound of surrender. Picture soldiers putting down their weapons after a long battle: they are surrendering. This image also helps with the gerund use, as in “Surrendering was the only option.” Notice the common patterns be surrendering, before surrendering, and the surrendering of something. The word implies giving up resistance or control, not merely losing accidentally.
例文
The soldiers were surrendering after a long battle.
兵士たちは長い戦いの後で降伏しようとしていました。
Surrendering was the only way to avoid more damage.
これ以上の被害を避けるには、降伏するしかありませんでした。
The commander spoke with his officers before surrendering.
司令官は降伏する前に部下の将校たちと話しました。
surrendering の類義語・関連語
surrendering の語源・成り立ち Etymology
surrendering は surrender の進行形で、語源は古フランス語 surrendre、さらにラテン語 reddere「返す・差し出す」に通じる。sur-「上へ・完全に」+ rendre「渡す」と考えると、関連語 render のように「相手に身を明け渡す」から「降伏する」になった。
Surrendering is formed from surrender plus the participial suffix -ing. Surrender entered English through Old French surrendre, built from sur-, conveying “over” or “up,” and rendre, “to give back or deliver.” Rendre ultimately comes from Latin reddere, “to give back.” The historical idea of delivering oneself or something into another’s control developed into the modern sense of admitting defeat or ceasing resistance.
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