vail
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覚え方のコツ Memory Tip
vail は古風な語で、帽子などを下げて敬意を示す行為を表す名詞として捉えます。古フランス語 avaler「下げる・降ろす」と結び付き、「谷の方向へ下げる」という歴史的な像が核です。現代なら doff one’s hat や bow が普通で、veil「ベール」と混同しないようにします。
Treat vail as an archaic word built around the physical idea of lowering something. In the noun use given here, it refers to a lowering or doffing of the hat to show respect or submission. Connect that downward movement with the French ancestor avaler and the historical image of going toward a valley. In modern English, you are much more likely to encounter doff one’s hat, bow, or salute. Keep vail separate from veil: a veil is a piece of material that covers the face or head, while a vail is associated here with lowering the hat.
vail の語源・成り立ち Etymology
古フランス語avaler（降りる）が源流で、ラテン語のad（〜へ）＋vallis（谷）に遡ります。元々は「谷の方へ下る」意味でしたが、そこから「帽子を下げて敬意を表す」用法が定着しました。同じ語源を持つ言葉にvalley（谷）があります。
Vail is historically associated with Anglo-French and Old French avaler, meaning “to lower” or “to descend.” That verb developed from a phrase containing val, “valley,” ultimately from Latin vallis. The underlying spatial image was movement downward, as though toward a valley. English used vail chiefly as an archaic verb for lowering something, especially a hat in respect; nominal use refers to such a lowering gesture. It is unrelated in meaning to modern veil, despite the similar spelling.
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