反論した
解説 Definition
countered は counter（反論する、対抗する）の過去形・過去分詞です。相手の意見に反論したり、行動や主張に対して別の対応をしたことを表します。
Countered is the past-tense and past-participle form of counter, meaning responded to a claim, criticism, or action with an opposing argument or measure. It often introduces the evidence, reason, or statement used in reply.
覚え方のコツ Memory Tip
原形 counter「反論する・対抗する」に規則的な過去語尾 -ed を付けた過去形・過去分詞で、語末の /r/ に続く -ed は /d/ と発音します。counter a claim with evidence「証拠で主張に反論する」や counter that ...「…だと反論する」の型で覚えましょう。
Start with the base verb counter, meaning “respond in opposition,” and add the regular past ending -ed. Because counter ends in a voiced sound, the ending is pronounced /d/, not /ɪd/. Picture an argument being sent toward someone and then answered from the opposite direction. Learn the common frames countered a claim with evidence and countered that the plan would work. These patterns distinguish the verb from the noun counter, such as a shop counter, even though both spellings are identical.
例文
She countered his claim with clear data.
彼女は明確なデータで彼の主張に反論しました。
The manager countered the criticism calmly.
マネージャーはその批判に落ち着いて反論しました。
He countered that the plan would save money in the long run.
彼は、その計画は長い目で見れば費用を節約できると反論しました。
countered の類義語・関連語
countered の語源・成り立ち Etymology
ラテン語 contra（〜に対して）から古フランス語 contrer を経て英語 counter（反撃する）となり、その過去分詞形。contra は「反対側」を意味し、encounter（遭遇する）や contrary（正反対の）と同根。相手の主張に「対抗して打ち返す」イメージが反論の意味につながる。
Counter entered English through French forms ultimately connected with Latin contra, meaning “against” or “opposite.” Its central image is action taken in the opposing direction, which produced senses such as answering an argument or resisting a move. Countered is formed regularly from counter by adding -ed and functions as its past tense or past participle.
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