破門された
解説 Definition
excommunicated は「破門された」という意味で、教会の宗教的な交わりや秘跡への参加から正式に除外された状態を表します。excommunicate「破門する」の過去形・過去分詞で、形容詞としても使われます。
Formally excluded from participation in the religious life and sacraments of a church. The word can describe a person in that condition or serve as the past participle of excommunicate.
使い方 Usage
- an excommunicated priest のように名詞の前に置き、「破門された人」を表せます。 Place it before a noun, as in an excommunicated priest, to describe a person who has been excommunicated.
- was excommunicated は「破門された」という受動態にも使われます。 Was excommunicated can also be a passive verb form meaning that someone was formally excommunicated.
使い分け Common distinctions
- 普通の団体からの退会や追放とは異なり、教会の宗教的な交わりからの正式な除外を指します。 It refers to formal exclusion from a church’s religious fellowship, rather than ordinary departure or expulsion from a club.
覚え方のコツ Memory Tip
ex-「外へ」と community「共同体」を連想し、「教会の交わりの外に置かれた」と覚えます。excommunicate に -ed を付けた形で、原形の語末が /t/ なので -ed は /ɪd/ と発音します。
Associate ex- with “outside” and community with shared fellowship: someone placed outside a church’s religious fellowship. Add -ed to excommunicate; because the base ends in /t/, the ending is pronounced /ɪd/.
例文
The excommunicated priest left the town quietly.
破門された司祭は静かに町を去りました。
She was excommunicated after a long church hearing.
彼女は長い教会の審理のあと、破門されました。
excommunicated の類義語・関連語
類義語
対義語
紛らわしい語
excommunicated の語源・成り立ち Etymology
「excommunicated」は ex-「外へ」＋ communicat(e)「共有する」＋ -ed。中世ラテン語 excommunicare は「共同体の交わりの外へ出す」の意で、communis「共通の」に通じるため、「仲間の共有圏から切り離された」がそのまま「破門された」になった。関連語は communication、community。
Excommunicated is the past participle of excommunicate, from Medieval Latin excommunicare. That verb combines ex-, “out of,” with a form related to Latin communis, “common” or “shared.” It therefore originally conveyed removal from communal participation. In Christian usage, the word acquired the specific sense of formally excluding someone from the church’s communion and sacraments. The ending -ed marks the resulting state or a completed action.
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