hemorrhaging
出血
解説 Definition
hemorrhaging は hemorrhage（出血する、大量に失う）の現在分詞・動名詞で、「出血」という意味です。医学的な出血を指すほか、資金や人材などの急激な流出を表すこともありますが、ここでは身体の出血を中心に使います。
Hemorrhaging is the escape of a substantial amount of blood from damaged blood vessels, especially when the bleeding is severe or difficult to control. As a gerund, it can name the medical process or condition rather than merely describing a minor loss of blood.
覚え方のコツ Memory Tip
原形 hemorrhage「出血する」の語末 e を落として -ing を付けた形で、発音は /ˈhemərɪdʒɪŋ/。ここでは医学的な「出血」として severe hemorrhaging、stop the hemorrhaging を一まとまりで覚えます。bleeding より重い大量出血を示すことが多く、資金・人材の流出という比喩用法とは区別します。
Begin with hemorrhage, meaning severe bleeding. Drop its final e and add -ing to form hemorrhaging, pronounced /ˈhemərɪdʒɪŋ/. The spelling becomes easier if you notice the medical element hemo-, associated with blood, as in hemoglobin. Learn it in urgent clinical combinations such as severe hemorrhaging, control the hemorrhaging, and the hemorrhaging had stopped. Compared with the broad everyday word bleeding, hemorrhaging often suggests a large or dangerous loss of blood. The same form can figuratively describe rapid losses of money or staff, but the present entry focuses on the physical medical sense.
例文
The doctor treated the hemorrhaging after the accident.
医師は事故後の出血を処置しました。
Severe hemorrhaging can become dangerous without quick care.
重い出血は、すぐに手当てしないと危険になることがあります。
The report noted that the hemorrhaging had stopped before surgery.
報告書には、手術前に出血が止まっていたと記されていました。
hemorrhaging の類義語・関連語
hemorrhaging の語源・成り立ち Etymology
ギリシャ語 haima（血）+ rhegnynai（破裂する）から成る hemorrhage の動名詞形。「血管が破れて血が流れ出る」が原義。接頭辞 hemo- は血液を意味し、関連語に hemoglobin（ヘモグロビン）、hemophilia（血友病）がある。
Hemorrhaging is formed from hemorrhage by dropping the final e and adding -ing. Hemorrhage ultimately comes from Greek elements connected with haima, “blood,” and rhēgnynai, “to break or burst,” entering English through Latin and French medical vocabulary. Its underlying image is blood flowing because a vessel has ruptured. The combining form hemo- or hema- also appears in other blood-related medical terms, including hemoglobin and hemophilia.
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