perforation
穿孔
解説 Definition
穿孔とは、オブジェクトを通して穴を開ける行為、または穿孔によって作られた穴そのもの。医学や工業でよく見られる用語。
A perforation is a small hole made in something by cutting, punching, or piercing it. It is often used for paper, packaging, or other materials, and in medical English it can also mean a hole that has formed in body tissue.
覚え方のコツ Memory Tip
perforate（穴をあける）の名詞形として覚えると定着しやすいです。日常語の hole が単に「穴」なのに対し、perforation は「何かを貫いてできた穴・穴あけ」という技術的で加工感のある語。切手やチケットのミシン目、紙の小穴列、胃や腸の perforation などをまとめて連想すると強いです。表面のくぼみではなく、向こう側まで抜けるイメージを持つのがコツ。語尾 -tion は動作や結果を名詞化する形なので、perforate → perforation の対応でも覚えられます。
Split it into `per-` and `foration`. `Per-` often means "through," so think of something going all the way through a surface, not just scratching it. It is often used in fixed medical phrases like `stomach perforation` or `bowel perforation`, so remember it as a serious "through-hole" word.
例文
The medical procedure involved careful perforation of the membrane.
医学的処置は膜の慎重な穿孔を伴っていた。
Accidental perforation of the intestine is a serious complication.
腸の偶発的な穿孔は深刻な合併症である。
The machine was used for precision perforation of sheet metal.
その機械は板金の精密穿孔に使用された。
perforation の類義語・関連語
perforation の語源・成り立ち Etymology
perforation はラテン語 perforare「貫いて穴をあける」から来ており、per-「通して」＋forare「穴をあける」に分かれる。だから単なる「穴」ではなく「向こう側まで突き抜けた孔」の感じが出る。perforate や foramen も同じ語根を持つ。
Perforation comes from Latin perforare, meaning "to bore through," from per-, "through," and forare, "to make a hole." That gives the word a strong sense of a hole made all the way through something, not just a surface mark. English perforate shares the same root, and Latin foramen, meaning "opening," is also related.
外部辞書で調べる
この単語を英単語クイズで覚えよう