privation
窮乏
解説 Definition
貧困状態、必要なものの不足、または物質的に苦しい状態。贅沢や快適さの欠落。
Privation means a serious lack of basic things that people need, such as food, comfort, or proper living conditions. It is often used to describe hardship, poverty, or suffering over a period of time. The word is more formal than simple words like lack or poverty.
覚え方のコツ Memory Tip
deprive（奪う）や private（手元から切り離された感じ）を知っていると覚えやすい。privation は「生活に必要なものを奪われた状態」で、単なる poverty より、食料・住居・快適さまで欠ける切実さが強い語。suffer privation, years of privation の形で出やすく、「長く続く欠乏生活」をセットで思い浮かべると定着する。似た shortage は一時的な不足にも使えるが、privation は人が耐える苦境に寄りやすい。
Connect it to `deprive`, which means taking something away. `Privation` is what people suffer after things have been taken from normal life and comfort. The common phrase `suffer privation` is a strong memory hook.
例文
The family endured years of privation before their economic situation improved.
その家族は経済状況が改善される前に何年もの窮乏に耐えた。
Privation during wartime forced citizens to ration food and essential supplies.
戦時中の窮乏は市民に食料と必需品を配給することを強いた。
Children growing up in privation often develop remarkable resilience and determination.
窮乏の中で育つ子どもたちはしばしば著しい回復力と決断力を発展させる。
privation の類義語・関連語
privation の語源・成り立ち Etymology
privation はラテン語 privatio に由来し、priv-「切り離す・奪う」+ -ation「状態」でできています。private や deprive も同根で、「持つはずのものから切り離された状態」と考えると、窮乏や欠如の意味がただの貧しさ以上に深く理解できます。
Privation comes from Latin privatio, from a root meaning "to separate" or "to deprive." The same root appears in private and deprive. The idea developed from being cut off from something that should be yours to a state of lack, loss, or hardship.
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