relinquished
放棄した
解説 Definition
relinquished は relinquish（手放す、放棄する）の過去形・過去分詞です。権利、地位、所有物などを自分の意思で手放したことを表す、やや硬い語です。
The past tense and past participle of relinquish, meaning that someone voluntarily or formally gave up possession, control, authority, a position, or a legal claim that they previously held.
覚え方のコツ Memory Tip
原形 relinquish「手放す、放棄する」に -ed を付けた過去形・過去分詞です。語末 /ʃ/ は無声音なので -ed は /t/ となり、relinquished /rɪˈlɪŋkwɪʃt/ と発音します。権利や支配権を自発的・正式に手放す硬い語で、relinquish control「支配権を手放す」、relinquish a claim「請求権を放棄する」で覚えます。
Relinquished is relinquish plus -ed. Because relinquish ends in the voiceless sound /ʃ/, the ending is pronounced /t/: /rɪˈlɪŋkwɪʃt/, with no extra syllable. Think of someone opening their hand and leaving behind a right, position, or control. Typical combinations include relinquished control, relinquished a claim, and relinquished his seat. The word is more formal than gave up and often concerns something the person was entitled to possess or exercise. Its Latin history also connects it with the idea of leaving something behind.
例文
He relinquished his seat on the committee.
彼は委員会での席を放棄しました。
The company relinquished control of the small project.
その会社は小さな事業の管理権を手放しました。
She relinquished her claim after reading the agreement.
彼女は合意書を読んだ後で、自分の請求権を放棄しました。
relinquished の類義語・関連語
relinquished の語源・成り立ち Etymology
ラテン語のre-（後ろへ）＋linquere（残す）に由来し、「手を離して後へ残す」が原義です。-edは過去形を示します。同じ語根のrelic（遺物）やderelict（放棄された）を知れば、所有権を手放すイメージから「放棄した」意味が腑に落ちます。
Relinquished is the past and past-participial form of relinquish. Relinquish comes from Latin relinquere, “to leave behind or abandon,” formed from re-, conveying “back or behind,” and linquere, “to leave.” English relic and derelict contain historically related forms of the same root. The modern suffix -ed marks past time or a completed state. Since relinquish ends in the voiceless consonant /ʃ/, this suffix is pronounced /t/ in relinquished.
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