スクラム
解説 Definition
scrum は、ラグビーで選手が組み合う「スクラム」という意味です。英語ではソフトウェア開発などのチーム運営方法を指すこともあり、日本語のカタカナ語と同じく文脈で意味が変わります。
In rugby, a scrum is a formation in which players from both teams bind closely together and push against one another while competing for the ball. The word can also refer to a tightly packed crowd or, with a capital letter, a framework for organizing team-based product development.
覚え方のコツ Memory Tip
ラグビーで両チームの選手が低く組み、押し合ってボールを争う場面を思い浮かべ、form a scrum、win the scrum、a strong scrum とまとめて覚えます。一般的な「人だかり」にも使われ、開発分野の Scrum はこの密集した協働のイメージを取り入れた名称です。例文ではラグビーの語義に限定します。
Picture two rugby packs locking together, bending low, and pushing for control of the ball. Learn the word through rugby combinations such as form a scrum, order a scrum, win the scrum, and a strong scrum. The same image of people working in a close, coordinated group helps explain the development term Scrum, although that specialized use is usually capitalized. In the example sentences here, scrum refers specifically to the rugby formation, not simply to a crowd or a software meeting.
例文
The referee stopped the game and ordered a scrum.
審判は試合を止めてスクラムを命じました。
Our team practiced the scrum after school.
私たちのチームは放課後にスクラムの練習をしました。
A strong scrum helped them keep control of the ball.
強いスクラムのおかげで、彼らはボールを支配し続けられました。
scrum の類義語・関連語
類義語
紛らわしい語
scrum の語源・成り立ち Etymology
英語 scrummage の短縮形で、もとは scrimmage（小競り合い）の変形。古フランス語 escrimir（剣で戦う）からゲルマン語 skirmjan（防御する）に遡る。ラグビーで両チームが押し合う密集隊形を指し、転じてアジャイル開発の手法名にも。関連語: scrimmage, skirmish。
Scrum is a shortened form of scrummage, an older rugby term. Scrummage developed as a variant of scrimmage, a word for a struggle or minor fight. Scrimmage is historically related to skirmish and ultimately to words associated with fencing or defending. The shortened rugby form became established in the nineteenth century and was later adopted as the name Scrum in agile product development.
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