sentencing
量刑
解説 Definition
sentencing は sentence（刑を宣告する）の動名詞・現在分詞で、名詞としては量刑、刑の宣告という意味です。裁判で有罪になった人にどの刑を科すかを決めたり言い渡したりする場面で使われます。
The legal process or court event in which a judge decides and formally announces the punishment for a person who has been convicted of a crime. It occurs after guilt has been established and may involve prison, a fine, probation, or another penalty.
覚え方のコツ Memory Tip
動詞 sentence「刑を宣告する」に -ing を付けた形で、末尾の e を落として sentencing となります。法廷で有罪確定後に刑を決め、言い渡す段階を指し、the sentencing、sentencing decision、sentencing hearing で覚えます。判決全般より「量刑」に焦点があります。
Connect sentencing with the legal verb sentence, meaning “to impose a punishment on someone convicted of a crime.” Drop the final e and add -ing. Picture the stage after a guilty verdict when the judge decides and announces the penalty. Common combinations are the sentencing, a sentencing hearing, sentencing guidelines, and a sentencing decision. This helps distinguish sentencing from a trial, which determines guilt, and from a verdict, which states the court’s finding. The memory core is: guilt has already been established; sentencing determines what punishment follows.
例文
The sentencing will take place next week.
量刑の言い渡しは来週行われます。
The judge explained the sentencing decision carefully.
裁判官は量刑の判断を慎重に説明しました。
Many reporters waited outside the court before the sentencing.
量刑の言い渡しの前、多くの記者が裁判所の外で待っていました。
sentencing の類義語・関連語
sentencing の語源・成り立ち Etymology
sentencing は sentence「判決・宣告」に -ing が付いた語で、sentence はラテン語 sententia「意見・判断」に由来します。関連語に sentiment, consent があり、「判断を言葉にしたもの」から法廷での「量刑」の意味へ発展しました。
Sentencing is formed from the verb sentence plus -ing, with the final e dropped. Sentence came through Old French from Latin sententia, meaning “opinion, judgment, or decision,” derived from sentire, “to feel or think.” The word first referred broadly to an expressed judgment. In legal use, it developed the specific sense of a court’s judgment concerning punishment, giving rise to the verb sentence and the noun sentencing.
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