sentence
意味一覧 (3件)
文
解説 Definition
sentence は、文章や会話例の中で一つの内容を運ぶ「文」を指します。読解・翻訳・添削では、前後の文とのつながり、長さ、語順、言い換えなどを確認する対象になり、実際のテキストを扱う場面でよく使われます。
A sentence is a group of words that expresses one complete idea in speaking or writing. It is often used when you read, translate, or correct a text and need to look at word order, length, or how one part connects to the next. In real texts, people often talk about a sentence as one unit within an email, article, or conversation.
覚え方のコツ Memory Tip
sentence を読解や翻訳の文脈で見たら、「今見ているその一文」に焦点を当てます。the last sentence は最後の一文、the next sentence は次の一文、rewrite the sentence はその文を書き換えることです。単に文を作る初歩だけでなく、メール、記事、会話文の中で意味の切れ目を確認する語として覚えると使い分けやすくなります。
When you see sentence in reading or translation, think about the single line of meaning in front of you. The last sentence is the final one, the next sentence is the one after this, and rewrite the sentence means to change that exact sentence. This word is useful not only for making simple sentences, but also for checking meaning in emails, articles, and dialogue.
例文
This sentence is too long, so please make it shorter.
この文は長すぎるので、もっと短くしてください。
The next sentence explains the main reason for the change.
次の文が、その変更の主な理由を説明しています。
I rewrote the sentence to make the meaning clearer.
意味がよりはっきり伝わるように、その文を書き直しました。
判決
(意味 2)解説 Definition
裁判所が被告人に対して下す判決や宣告を表す名詞です。とくに刑事事件で懲役何年、執行猶予付きなどの処分内容を述べる場面でよく使われます。評決のあとに具体的な刑罰を示す文脈で現れやすい法律語です。
A sentence is the official punishment that a court gives to a person who has been found guilty of a crime. It is often used in criminal cases to show the exact result, such as time in prison or a suspended term. This word usually appears after the verdict, when the judge announces the specific penalty.
覚え方のコツ Memory Tip
まず名詞の sentence「文・判決」をセットで覚えると定着しやすい語です。法廷で judge が最後に下す“正式な判決”が sentence で、動詞ではその判決を言い渡すこと。punish が広く「罰する」なのに対し、sentence は裁判官・裁判所が刑を決めて宣告する場面に限られます。形は同じでも日常の「文」と、法廷の「判決／宣告」の2本柱で整理すると混乱しません。頻出は sentence A to prison / sentence A to three years です。
It helps to learn the noun sentence in two main meanings: "a sentence" in language and "a sentence" in court. In legal English, a sentence is the formal punishment a judge gives at the end of a case. Unlike punish, which is a general verb, sentence is used for the court's official act, as in sentence someone to prison or sentence someone to three years.
例文
The judge gave him a five-year sentence for fraud.
裁判官は彼に詐欺で5年の判決を言い渡した。
She appealed against the sentence, saying it was too harsh.
彼女はその判決が重すぎるとして控訴した。
The court will announce the sentence next week.
裁判所は来週、その判決を言い渡す予定だ。
刑を宣告する
(意味 3)解説 Definition
sentence は動詞で、裁判官や裁判所が有罪になった人へ刑罰を正式に言い渡すことです。懲役、罰金、社会奉仕などの処分を判決として宣告する法律場面で使い、目的語には通常その被告人が来ます。
To sentence means to officially declare a person's punishment in a court of law. It is used after someone has been found guilty or held responsible in a legal case. This is a formal legal verb.
覚え方のコツ Memory Tip
動詞の sentence は、日常の「罰する」ではなく、法廷で判決の内容を読み上げる厳密な動作です。形は sentence A to five years in prison のように「人を、ある刑に処する」と考えます。ニュースでは be sentenced to ... の受け身が多く、「懲役何年を言い渡された」と訳すと自然です。名詞の sentence には法的な「判決・刑」の意味もあり、そこから動詞用法につながります。
For the verb sentence, imagine a judge in court giving a punishment officially. Common patterns like sentence him to ten years and be sentenced to prison help fix the meaning. This is narrower than punish and comes after a legal decision. You can also compare it with convict: convict decides guilt, sentence decides the penalty.
例文
The judge sentenced the criminal to five years in prison.
裁判官はその犯人に懲役5年を宣告した。
The court will sentence the defendant next week.
裁判所は来週、その被告人に刑を言い渡す。
He was sentenced to community service.
彼は社会奉仕活動を命じられた。
sentence の語源・成り立ち Etymology
古フランス語を経てラテン語 sententia「意見・判断」に由来します。考えを述べたまとまりが「文」となり、法廷での判断から「判決」の意味も生まれました。
Sentence comes through Old French from the Latin word sententia, meaning "opinion" or "judgment." A spoken or written expression of thought developed into the meaning "sentence," and from legal judgment it also came to mean a court sentence.
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