transferase
転移酵素
解説 Definition
転移酵素、分子から別の分子への基(通常は化学基)を転移させる酵素。生化学において重要。
A transferase is an enzyme that moves a chemical group from one molecule to another. It is used in biology and chemistry when talking about reactions inside living things. This is a technical scientific word, mainly seen in textbooks, research, and medical contexts.
覚え方のコツ Memory Tip
transfer を知っていれば核は十分で、「何かを別の相手へ移す」感覚がそのまま残る。-ase は amylase, lactase などにも出る典型的な酵素名の語尾なので、transferase で「移す役目の酵素」とまとめて覚えると強い。生化学では基を donor から acceptor へ渡す場面でよく出るので、methyltransferase のような複合語にもすぐ対応できる。似た語の transporter は物質を運ぶ側、transferase は化学基を移す酵素、という違いまで一緒に整理すると混同しにくい。
Break it into transfer + -ase. If you know transfer, think of something being moved from one place to another; -ase is a common ending for enzyme names like lactase. So transferase is easy to store in memory as "the enzyme that transfers something," especially in words like methyltransferase.
例文
Transferase enzymes catalyze the transfer of functional groups between molecules.
転移酵素は分子間の官能基の転移を触媒する。
Liver transferase levels can indicate cellular damage or disease.
肝臓転移酵素レベルは細胞損傷または病気を示唆している。
The transferase enzyme played a crucial role in the metabolic pathway.
転移酵素は代謝経路で重要な役割を果たした。
transferase の類義語・関連語
transferase の語源・成り立ち Etymology
transferase は transfer + -ase で、transfer はラテン語 transferre「向こうへ運ぶ」、つまり trans-「越えて」+ ferre「運ぶ」です。refer や confer も同根で、「分子の一部を別の相手へ運ぶ酵素」だと語源から読めます。
"Transferase" is made from "transfer" and the enzyme ending "-ase." "Transfer" comes from Latin "transferre," built from "trans-" meaning "across" and "ferre" meaning "to carry"; the same root appears in words like "refer" and "confer." The history of the word keeps that idea of carrying something across from one place to another. In scientific use, it came to name enzymes that move a part from one molecule to another.
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