jacobin
ジャコバン派
解説 Definition
フランス革命期の急進的な政治グループ。転じて、過激な政治思想を持つ人を指す。
A Jacobin was a member or supporter of the radical political club that became highly influential during the French Revolution. In extended, sometimes critical use, a jacobin is a person regarded as an uncompromising revolutionary or advocate of sweeping political centralization and reform.
覚え方のコツ Memory Tip
歴史上の党員・集団は Jacobin、Jacobins と大文字で書き、一般化して「急進主義者」と呼ぶ場合は jacobin も見られる。パリのサン＝ジャック通りにあった修道院を集会所としたクラブから名が付いた。French Revolution、radical、republican を一組にして、王党派 royalist と対比すると覚えやすい。
Link Jacobin with a place, a period, and a political stance. The place was a Dominican convent in Paris associated with the rue Saint-Jacques; the period was the French Revolution; and the stance was radical republicanism. Together these explain why Jacobin became the name of the revolutionary club and its members. In historical writing, Jacobin and Jacobins are usually capitalized. A lowercase jacobin may be used more broadly, often critically, for a forceful political radical. Contrast the word with moderate or royalist, and watch for the confusable Jacobite, which belongs to a different movement supporting the Stuart claim to the British throne.
例文
The Jacobins played a decisive role during the most radical phase of the French Revolution.
ジャコバン派はフランス革命の最も急進的な局面で決定的な役割を果たした。
His political opponents branded him a jacobin for his extreme views on social reform.
政敵たちは、社会改革に関する彼の過激な見解から、彼をジャコバン派と決めつけた。
The jacobin club met regularly to discuss revolutionary strategy and policy.
ジャコバン派のクラブは革命の戦略と政策を議論するために定期的に集まった。
jacobin の類義語・関連語
派生語
紛らわしい語
jacobin の語源・成り立ち Etymology
フランス語 Jacobin に由来。パリのサン＝ジャック通り（rue Saint-Jacques）沿いのドミニコ会修道院で急進派が集会を開いたことから命名。Jacques はラテン語 Jacobus（ヤコブ）に遡る。フランス革命期の急進的共和主義者の代名詞となった。関連語: Jacob（ヤコブ）。
Jacobin comes from French jacobin, a name used for Dominican friars because their Paris convent stood near the rue Saint-Jacques. The revolutionary political club later called the Jacobins met in a former Dominican convent, so the location’s established name was transferred to the club and its members. Jacques ultimately comes from Latin Jacobus, “Jacob.” During the French Revolution, Jacobin consequently became strongly associated with radical republican politics and centralized revolutionary government.
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