disenfranchise
権利を剥奪する
解説 Definition
公民権や政治的権利を剥奪する行為。特に選挙投票権などの基本的権利を奪う法律上の措置。
To disenfranchise means to take away a person's rights, especially the right to vote. It is often used in political, legal, and social discussions. The word can also describe blocking people from having power, voice, or full participation.
覚え方のコツ Memory Tip
franchise は店の「フランチャイズ」だけでなく、英語ではニュースや法律文脈で「特権・参政権」の意味も持つと押さえると記憶しやすいです。そこに否定・剥奪の dis- が付いて、disenfranchise は「投票する資格や市民としての権利を奪う」。単に voting を邪魔するのでなく、制度や法律が voters・minorities・communities を正式に、または実質的に投票から締め出す重い語。disenfranchise voters が典型です。
The key is that `franchise` can mean more than a business chain; in formal English it can refer to rights such as the right to vote. Add `dis-`, which often gives a sense of removal or reversal, and `disenfranchise` becomes taking those rights away. The phrase `disenfranchise voters` is a useful way to fix it in memory.
例文
The new laws disenfranchise millions of voters.
その新しい法律は何百万人の投票者の権利を剥奪する。
Historically, women were disenfranchised and denied the right to vote.
歴史的に、女性は権利を剥奪され投票権が認められなかった。
The government sought to disenfranchise certain groups through restrictive requirements.
政府は制限的な要件を通じて特定グループの権利を剥奪しようとした。
disenfranchise の類義語・関連語
disenfranchise の語源・成り立ち Etymology
disenfranchise は dis-「奪う・逆にする」+ enfranchise「市民権を与える」から成り、franchise は古仏語 franc「自由な」に由来します。franchise や frank も同系で、「自由な身分から外す」という形が、参政権や権利の剥奪を表します。
Disenfranchise is made from dis- "remove or reverse" and enfranchise, meaning to give rights or freedom. The key part comes from French and ultimately from a root meaning "free," seen in words like frank and franchise. So the original idea was to take someone out of free status or legal rights. This later became especially connected with taking away voting rights.
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