inflicting
与える
解説 Definition
inflicting は inflict（苦痛・損害・罰などを与える）の現在分詞・動名詞です。よくない影響や被害を人や物に与える場合に使われ、目的語には damage や pain などがよく来ます。
Inflicting is the present-participle or gerund form of inflict. It refers to causing someone or something to suffer pain, damage, punishment, costs, or another harmful effect, commonly in the pattern inflict something on someone or something.
覚え方のコツ Memory Tip
inflicting は原形 inflict に -ing を付けた形で、語末を変えず inflicting と綴ります。inflict damage/pain/punishment on someone「人に損害・苦痛・罰を与える」が基本型です。単なる give と違って、好ましくないものを負わせる含みがあります。動名詞なら「負わせること」、現在分詞なら進行形などを作ります。
Start with the base verb inflict and add -ing without changing the final spelling: inflict becomes inflicting. Remember the fixed pattern inflict damage, pain, punishment, or costs on a person or thing. The preposition on identifies who or what bears the harmful result. Unlike the neutral verb give, inflict normally introduces something unpleasant or damaging. In “the storm is inflicting damage,” it forms a progressive verb; in “inflicting pain is wrong,” it functions as a gerund. The same negative core remains in both grammatical uses: harm is being imposed on a target.
例文
The storm is inflicting heavy damage on the coast.
その嵐は海岸に大きな被害を与えています。
He was accused of inflicting pain on others.
彼は他人に苦痛を与えたとして非難されました。
The new rule may end up inflicting extra costs on small shops.
その新しい規則は、結局小さな店に追加費用を負わせることになるかもしれません。
inflicting の類義語・関連語
inflicting の語源・成り立ち Etymology
inflict はラテン語 infligere「打ちつける・負わせる」に由来し、in-「上に」+ fligere / flict-「打つ」に分けられます。afflict, conflict も同根で、苦痛や損害を相手に打ち当てるイメージから「与える」の意味になりました。
Inflicting is formed regularly from inflict plus -ing. Inflict entered English from Latin infligere, meaning “to strike against” or “impose,” composed of in- and fligere, “to strike.” Its participial stem appears as flict-, also found historically in conflict and afflict. The physical image of striking something upon a target developed into the modern sense of causing a person or thing to bear pain, punishment, damage, or another unwelcome consequence.
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