公布された
解説 Definition
promulgated は promulgate「公布する、広く知らせる」の過去形・過去分詞です。法律・規則・公式な方針などを正式に公表した、またはそれらが公表されたことを表す硬い語です。
Officially announced, published, or put into public circulation, especially by a government or other authority. The word commonly describes a law, decree, regulation, or policy that has been formally made known, whether or not it has already taken effect.
使い方 Usage
- a law／regulation／decree was promulgated の形で、法律・規則・法令が公布されたことを表します。by ... で公布した機関を示せます。 A law, regulation, or decree was promulgated describes its official publication or announcement. By can introduce the authority that promulgated it.
- the policy promulgated by ... のように、名詞の後ろに置いて「～が公布した方針」と説明することもできます。 Promulgated can follow a noun: the policy promulgated by the ministry means the policy that the ministry officially announced.
使い分け Common distinctions
- 公布と施行は別です。promulgated は正式に公表されたことを表し、その時点ですでに効力が生じたとは限りません。 Promulgated means officially made public. It does not necessarily mean that the rule had already taken effect at that time.
覚え方のコツ Memory Tip
promulgate は語末が e なので -d を加えて promulgated にし、語尾は /ɪd/ と発音します。公的機関が法律や規則を正式に世間へ知らせる場面を思い浮かべましょう。
Add -d to promulgate, which already ends in e, to form promulgated. The ending is pronounced /ɪd/. Picture an authority formally announcing a law or regulation to the public.
例文
The new regulation was promulgated after months of public discussion.
その新しい規則は、数か月にわたる公開討議の後に公布されました。
The policy promulgated by the ministry took effect the following year.
省が公布した方針は翌年に施行されました。
promulgated の類義語・関連語
類義語
対義語
紛らわしい語
promulgated の語源・成り立ち Etymology
promulgated はラテン語 promulgare／provulgare「公に知らせる」に由来し、pro-「前へ」＋ vulgare「民衆に広める」から成ります。語根 vulg- は vulgus「民衆」に通じ、内容を前へ押し出して皆に知らせる感覚から「公布する」になりました。関連語は vulgar, divulge。
Promulgated comes from promulgate plus the regular ending -d. Promulgate derives from Latin promulgare, “to make publicly known,” possibly influenced by provulgare, built with pro-, “forth,” and vulgare, “to make public.” Vulgare is related to vulgus, “the common people.” The historical image is therefore one of bringing information before the public. English preserved this formal sense, especially for laws, decrees, doctrines, and official policies.
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