testator
遺言者
解説 Definition
遺言を作成し署名した者。法律用語で、死後に自身の財産や遺産の分配を指示する文書（遺言書）を残した人物。
A testator is a person who makes a legal will. The word is mainly used in legal contexts when talking about someone who has written instructions for their property after death.
覚え方のコツ Memory Tip
testament（遺言書）や testify（証言する）の test- と同じ仲間だと押さえると覚えやすいです。-or は actor と同じ「〜する人」なので、testator は「法的な意思を文書で残す人」。日常会話より遺言・相続の法律文脈で使われ、"the testator's will" のように will と並びやすい語です。beneficiary（受益者）や executor（遺言執行者）ではなく、遺言を書いた本人だと役割で区別すると定着します。
Connect it with `testament` and `testify`, which share the same legal-sounding `test-` family. The ending `-or` means a person, like in `actor`, so a `testator` is the person who makes the legal document. It often appears near `will`, as in `the testator's will`. To remember it clearly, separate it from `beneficiary` and `executor`, because those are different roles.
例文
The testator's will was read to the family after his death.
遺言者の遺言書は彼の死後、家族に読み上げられました。
As the testator, she had the right to decide how her estate would be distributed.
遺言者として、彼女は自分の財産がどのように配分されるかを決定する権利がありました。
The testator must be of sound mind when creating a valid will.
遺言者は有効な遺言を作成する際に正気の状態にある必要があります。
testator の類義語・関連語
testator の語源・成り立ち Etymology
testator はラテン語 testator「遺言をする人」に由来し、動詞 testari は「証言する・遺言する」を意味しました。testament や testify と同じく testis「証人」が核なので、「証言を残す人」から「遺言者」になった語です。
"Testator" comes from Latin "testator," meaning a person who makes a will. It is related to the verb "testari," meaning "to bear witness" or "make a will," from "testis," meaning "witness." The sense moved from someone giving formal testimony to someone leaving a legal statement after death; compare "testament" and "testify."
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