arraignment
罪状認否
解説 Definition
刑事裁判において、被告人が提示される罪状に対して認否を述べる手続き。被告人が容疑を認めるか否かを正式に記録する。
An arraignment is a formal court meeting where a person accused of a crime is officially told the charges against them and asked how they plead. It is an early step in the legal process. This word is mainly used in law and news reports about criminal cases.
覚え方のコツ Memory Tip
まず中心は arraign「被告を法廷に呼び出し、罪状を示して答えさせる」。そこに -ment が付いて「その手続き全体」になった語と押さえると覚えやすいです。見た目は arrangement に似ていますが、arrange の「整理」ではなく完全に法廷語。indictment の後、arraignment で the defendant enters a plea, guilty or not guilty という流れをセットで覚えると、罪状認否の場面が頭に残ります。
Learn the base verb `arraign` first, then see `-ment` as the legal process or event. Be careful not to confuse it with `arrangement`, which looks similar but is unrelated. A strong memory hook is the courtroom phrase: at an `arraignment`, the defendant answers the charge.
例文
The defendant's arraignment took place in the district court.
被告人の罪状認否は地方裁判所で行われた。
During the arraignment, the judge read the charges against the suspect.
罪状認否の間、判事は容疑者に対する容疑を読み上げた。
The lawyer advised the client on how to respond during the arraignment.
弁護士は罪状認否中に対応する方法についてクライアントに助言した。
arraignment の類義語・関連語
arraignment の語源・成り立ち Etymology
arraignment は arraign + -ment で、-ment は「行為・結果」を表す接尾辞です。arraign は古フランス語 araisnier にさかのぼり、さらにラテン語 ratio「計算・理屈・陳述」に連なります。つまり「理屈を示して問いただす行為」が arraignment で、関連語 reason, rational と同じ語根です。
Arraignment comes from arraign plus the suffix -ment, which shows an act or result. Arraign came through Old French and is linked to Latin ratio, meaning "reason," "account," or "statement." The idea moved from calling someone to account into the legal sense of formally charging someone in court; related words include reason and rational.
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