gage
ゲージ
覚え方のコツ Memory Tip
gage は古風な名詞で「誓約のしるしとして差し出す物、担保」です。現代では pledge が普通で、文学・歴史的文脈の throw down one’s gage「挑戦のしるしに手袋などを投げる」に残ります。計器や寸法を表す gauge とは由来と意味が異なるので、gage＝pledge、gauge＝measure と対にして覚えます。
Remember gage as an old word connected with a pledge, not with measurement. Imagine a knight offering or throwing down a glove as a formal sign of a challenge: that object is a gage because it stands as security for an intention or promise. The phrase throw down one’s gage belongs mainly to historical or literary language. In ordinary modern English, pledge or security is more natural. Keep gage separate from gauge: a gage is a pledged object, while a gauge is usually an instrument or standard used to measure something.
gage の類義語・関連語
gage の語源・成り立ち Etymology
古フランス語 gage（担保、誓約）から。ゲルマン祖語 *wadją（誓約）が起源で、英語の wage（賃金）や engage（従事する＝担保に入る）と同根。計器の意味の gauge とは別語だが混同されやすい。「価値を保証するもの」が原義。
Gage entered English from Old French gage, meaning a pledge or something deposited as security. The French word is Germanic in origin and belongs to a group of words associated with promises, guarantees, and obligations; wage and engage are historically related through this broader word family. The noun developed a specialized historical sense for an object offered as a sign of challenge. It is distinct in meaning from modern gauge, an instrument or standard of measurement.
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