misdemeanours
軽犯罪
解説 Definition
軽い犯罪また違反行為。刑事犯罪より軽度で、罰金や短期監禁が科される。
Misdemeanours are less serious crimes or illegal acts. The word is mainly used in legal contexts to describe offenses that are not as serious as major crimes. It is the plural form of "misdemeanour," especially in British English spelling.
覚え方のコツ Memory Tip
mis- が付く語は「悪く・誤って」の感覚を持つものが多く、misdemeanours も「よくない行い」に近い語感でつかむと残りやすいです。法律では felony ほど重くない「軽い違反・軽犯罪」の側に置いて覚えるのがコツ。ニュースや法文では minor misdemeanours, traffic misdemeanours のように出やすく、罰金や短期拘禁レベルを連想すると定着します。米式は misdemeanor、英式は misdemeanour、ここは複数形なので -s にも注意。
Start with `mis-`, which often gives a negative idea, and connect it to bad behavior. This word is common in law, especially for smaller crimes, so remember it beside `felony` as the less serious side. Also note the spelling: British English often uses `misdemeanour`, while American English uses `misdemeanor`.
例文
He was charged with several misdemeanours for traffic violations.
彼は複数の交通違反に関する軽犯罪で起訴された。
Misdemeanours are less serious than felonies in most legal systems.
軽犯罪はほとんどの法制度で重罪より軽い。
The court sentenced him to probation for the misdemeanours.
裁判所は軽犯罪で彼に執行猶予を言い渡した。
misdemeanours の類義語・関連語
紛らわしい語
misdemeanours の語源・成り立ち Etymology
古フランス語 mes-（悪く）+ demener（振る舞う）に由来。mis-（誤った）+ demeanour（行い）で「悪い振る舞い＝軽い罪」。関連語: demeanour（態度）、misbehave（不品行）。重罪 felony に対し、軽微な犯罪を指す法律用語。英国式綴りで-ourがつく。
This word comes from Anglo-French and Old French sources: `mes-/mis-` meaning "badly" or "wrongly" and a verb related to behavior or conduct. In English, it developed the sense of "bad behavior," and later became a legal term for a less serious crime, contrasted with `felony`. It is related in form to `demeanour` and `misbehave`, and the spelling `-our` shows the British form.
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