軽犯罪
解説 Definition
重大な犯罪に比べて軽い犯罪や違法行為を指す、misdemeanour の複数形。主に法律に関する文脈で使われます。
Misdemeanours are less serious crimes or illegal acts. The word is mainly used in legal contexts to describe offenses that are not as serious as major crimes. It is the plural form of "misdemeanour," especially in British English spelling.
使い方 Usage
使い分け Common distinctions
- misdemeanour は英式、misdemeanor は米式の綴り。複数形はそれぞれ misdemeanours、misdemeanors です。 Misdemeanour is the British spelling; misdemeanor is the American spelling. Their plurals are misdemeanours and misdemeanors.
- felony と区別する法律の文脈では、misdemeanour は比較的軽い犯罪を指します。分類や処罰は法制度によって異なります。 In legal contexts that distinguish misdemeanours from felonies, misdemeanours are the less serious offenses. Classifications and penalties vary by legal system.
覚え方のコツ Memory Tip
mis- の「悪く・誤って」という感覚から「よくない行い」を連想し、軽犯罪につなげましょう。複数形の語尾 -s と、英式の -our、米式の -or にも注目。
Connect the negative sense of mis- with bad behavior, then remember the legal sense of a less serious crime. Notice the plural -s and the British -our versus American -or spelling.
例文
He was charged with several misdemeanours for traffic violations.
彼は交通違反に関する複数の軽犯罪で起訴された。
misdemeanours の類義語・関連語
紛らわしい語
misdemeanours の語源・成り立ち Etymology
古フランス語 mes-（悪く）+ demener（振る舞う）に由来。mis-（誤った）+ demeanour（行い）で「悪い振る舞い＝軽い罪」。関連語: demeanour（態度）、misbehave（不品行）。重罪 felony に対し、軽微な犯罪を指す法律用語。英国式綴りで-ourがつく。
This word comes from Anglo-French and Old French sources: `mes-/mis-` meaning "badly" or "wrongly" and a verb related to behavior or conduct. In English, it developed the sense of "bad behavior," and later became a legal term for a less serious crime, contrasted with `felony`. It is related in form to `demeanour` and `misbehave`, and the spelling `-our` shows the British form.
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