expletive
意味一覧 (2件)
罵り言葉、悪態
解説 Definition
怒りや驚き、いら立ちを表すときに口にする強いののしり言葉や卑語を指す名詞。日常英語では swear word に近く、発言を引用するときに不適切表現として伏せられたり、省かれたりすることが多く、放送や記事では検閲の対象にもなりやすい。
An expletive is a swear word or a word used to express anger, shock, or strong emotion. In most everyday use, it refers to rude or offensive language rather than its older grammatical meaning.
覚え方のコツ Memory Tip
この意味の expletive は、怒り・痛み・驚きで思わず口に出る強い swear word と結びつけると覚えやすいです。ニュースや字幕で expletive deleted とあれば、不適切な語が削除されたという合図です。これは文法用語の「補充語」とは別の語義で、文の形ではなく、発言の乱暴さや不快さに焦点があります。explicit「明示的な」との混同にも注意しましょう。
Link expletive with a strong word that bursts out in anger, pain, or shock. It often appears in the phrase expletive deleted, which means the rude word was removed. Do not confuse it with explicit, which is a different word.
例文
He shouted an expletive when he dropped the hammer on his foot.
足の上に金づちを落として、彼は罵り言葉を叫んだ。
The movie contains several expletives, so it may not be suitable for children.
その映画には罵り言葉がいくつも含まれているので、子どもには向かないかもしれない。
The editor removed the expletive from the interview transcript.
編集者はインタビューの書き起こしからその悪態を削除した。
補充語
(意味 2)解説 Definition
文法で、意味内容よりも文の形を整えるために置かれる語を指します。典型例は It is raining. の it や There is a problem. の there で、主語の位置を埋める働きをします。
In grammar, an expletive is a word that fills a place in a sentence without adding much real meaning. It is often used to make the sentence structure complete or natural. Common examples are the "it" in "It is raining" and the "there" in "There is a problem," which fill the subject position.
覚え方のコツ Memory Tip
expletive はラテン語 explere「満たす」に由来し、文法では意味より形を満たすために置く「補充語」を指します。典型は expletive there や expletive it で、There is a problem の there は場所でなく主語の空席を埋めます。dummy subject に近いですが、expletive は語が文の構造を補う働きに焦点があります。
To remember cabinetmaker, split it into cabinet + maker. A maker is someone who makes things, and a cabinet is a storage piece of furniture, so a cabinetmaker is a person who makes cabinets and other fine wooden furniture. Unlike carpenter, which can include general building work, cabinetmaker focuses more on careful furniture making and detailed wood finishing.
例文
In "It is raining," the word "it" is an expletive.
It is raining. の it は補充語です。
The teacher explained that "there" works as an expletive in the sentence "There is a problem."
先生は There is a problem. の there が補充語として働くと説明した。
An expletive can fill the subject position even when it does not point to any real thing.
補充語は、実際のものを指さなくても主語の位置を埋めることがある。
expletive の語源・成り立ち Etymology
expletive は後期ラテン語 expletivus「埋めるための」に由来し、ex-「完全に」+ plere「満たす」から成ります。もとは文や韻律の穴を埋める語で、そこから感情を埋める罵り語・間投詞へ意味がずれました。関連語は complete, replete。
Expletive comes from late Latin expletivus, meaning "serving to fill up." It is based on ex- and plere, meaning "to fill." At first it referred to a word used to fill out a line or sentence, and later it shifted to mean a forceful word used to fill out emotion, especially in anger. Related words include complete and replete.
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