retch
えずく
解説 Definition
えずく。吐き気をもよおして嘔吐しそうな動作をすること。実際に吐かずに嘔吐反射が起こる状態。
To retch means to make the movement and sound of vomiting, often without anything coming out. It is usually caused by sickness, bad smells, or strong disgust. The word describes a physical reaction and often sounds unpleasant or intense.
覚え方のコツ Memory Tip
vomit が「実際に吐く」なら、retch はその一歩手前の「おえっとえずく」動作。まずこの対比で覚えると定着しやすいです。gag も近いですが、こちらは「むせる・吐き気を催す」まで広く言え、retch のほうが嘔吐反射そのものに焦点があります。start to retch, the smell made me retch のように、臭い・痛み・不快感で思わず込み上げる場面と結びつけると記憶しやすいです。
Remember it by contrasting it with vomit. Vomit is the full action, but retch is the body reaction just before it or without anything coming out. Phrases like start to retch or the smell made me retch make the image easy to keep.
例文
The unpleasant smell caused her to retch.
不快な臭いは彼女にえずかせた。
He began to retch from the foul odor.
彼は悪臭からえずき始めた。
The patient started retching violently.
患者は激しくえずき始めた。
retch の類義語・関連語
retch の語源・成り立ち Etymology
古英語hrǣcan（喉を鳴らす・痰を出す）に由来し、ゲルマン祖語に遡る。喉の奥から込み上げる動作を表す擬態的な語。関連語にreach（手を伸ばす＝体が伸びる感覚の共通性）がある。吐きそうになる身体反応そのものを指す語。
`Retch` comes from Old English `hrǣcan`, a word for clearing the throat or bringing something up from it, and it goes back to Germanic roots. It is probably imitative in origin, echoing the harsh throat sound of the action itself. Over time, the meaning narrowed to the physical act of trying to vomit. The suggested link with `reach` is uncertain, though both may reflect a stretching or straining movement.
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